Elisp 常用函数

获取光标位置：

(point)

获取光标位置 (point)

(point-min)

buffer 开始位置 (point-min)

(point-max)

buffer 结束位置 (point-max)

(point-at-bol)

行首 (point-at-bol)

(point-at-eol)

行尾 (point-at-eol)

(region-beginning)

选区开始位置 (region-beginning)

(region-end)

选区结束位置 (regin-end)

(push-mark &optional LOCATION)

设定选区，光标到指定位置 (push-mark 10000)

(kill-region BEGIN END)

剪切选区 (kill-region 1 (point))

(use-region-p)

是否有活动选区 (use-region-p)

mark-active

变量，是否有活动选区（高亮的选区） (print mark-active)

光标位置获取文本：

(buffer-substring-no-properties START END)

获取纯文本 (buffer-substring-no-properties 10 100)

(char-before)

光标之前字符 (char-before)

(char-after)

光标之后字符 (char-after)

(current-word)

光标下的单词 (current-word)

(thing-at-point THING)

光标下的元素(按参数指定) (thing-at-point 'word)

移动光标：

(goto-char POSTION)

移动光标到给定位置 (goto-char 800)

(forward-char &optional N)

向之后移动光标， 默认移动 1 个字符 (forward-char 3)

(backward-char &optional N)

向之前移动光标，默认移动 1 个字符 (backward-char 3)

(beginning-of-line &optional N)

移动光标到行首，默认本行，或之前 N-1 行首 (beginning-of-line)

(end-of-line &optional N)

移动光标到行尾，默认本行，或之后 N-1 行首 (end-of-line 2)

(next-line)

移动光标垂直向下一行 (next-line)

(previous-line)

移动光标垂直向上一行 (previous-line)

(forward-line &optional N)

向之后移动光标 N 行，停在行首 (forward-line 2)

(line-move-visual N)

向之后垂直移动光标 N 行 (line-move-visual 2)

搜索并移动光标：

(search-forward STRING)

向之后搜索，光标停在匹配文本后 (search-forward "sea")

(search-backward STRING)

向之前搜索，光标停在匹配文本前 (search-backward "sea")

(re-search-forward REGEXP)

用正则向之后搜索，光标停在匹配文本后 (re-search-forward "\n")

(re-search-backward REGEXP)

用正则向之前搜索，光标停在匹配文本前 (re-search-backward "\n")

(skip-chars-forward STRING)

往之后移动光标，跳过给定字符集合，停在匹配之后 (skip-chars-forward "\n\t\s")

(skip-chars-forward STRING)

往之前移动光标，跳过给定字符集合，停在匹配之前 (skip-chars-backward "abc")

保存状态：

(save-excursion &rest BODY)

执行 BODY 后恢复光标原位置 (save-excursion (insert "test"))

(save-restriction &rest BODY)

执行 BODY 后，保存恢复用户操作 (save-restriction (narrow-to-region 1 100) (insert "$$$"))

插入文本：

(insert &rest ARGS)

光标下插入文本 (insert "hello" "weifeng")

删除文本：

(delete-char N)

删除 N 个字符 (delete-char 3)

(delete-region START END)

删除给定选区 (delete-region 100 105)

(erase-buffer)

清空 buffer 内容 (erase-buffer)

(delete-and-extract-region START END)

删除给定选区，返回被删除内容 (delete-and-extract-region 100 105)

剪切、复制、粘贴、替换：

(kill-region BEG END)

剪切文本到 kill-ring(粘贴环，可连续取) (kill-region 1 100)

(copy-region-as-kill BEG END)

拷贝到 kill-ring (copy-region-as-kill 1 100)

(kill-new STRING)

将文本放入 kill-ring (kill-new "fengweifeng.com")

(yank)

粘贴到光标处 (yank)

(replace-match STRING)

先查找，在替换成字符串 (while (search-forward "AAA" nil t) (replace-match "BBB"))

(length STRING)

字符串长度 (length "abcd")

(substring STRING START END)

取子字符串 (substring "abcd" 1 3)

(concat &rest SEQ )

合并多个字符串 (concat "abc" "def" "xyz")

正则查找、替换：

(string-match REGEXP STRING)

查找匹配位置 (string-match "\([A-Z]+\):\([0-9]+\)" "~TEL:123456")

(match-string NUM &optional STRING)

返回上次正则匹配第 NUM 项 (match-string 1 "~TEL:123456")

(replace-regexp-in-string REGEXP REPLACE STRING)

替换 (replace-regexp-in-string "[0-9]" "*" "pass:123")

(split-string STRING &optional)

切分字符串，默认以空白字符分隔 (split-string "hi-wei-feng" "-")

字符和数字转换：

(string-to-number STRING)

字符串转数字 (string-to-number "123")

(number-to-string NUM)

数字转字符串 (number-to-string 123)

(format STRING &rest OBJECTS) 大小写 (require ’s)

使用格式化 (format "%d" 123)

s-upcase(str)

变大写 (s-upcase "feng")

s-downcase(str) 使用 subr-x 库字符串函数：(require ’subr-x)

变小写 (s-downcase "FENG")

(string-blank-p STRING)

是否空白字符串 (string-blank-p " ")

(string-empty-p STRING)

是否空字符串 (string-empty-p " ")

(string-join STRINGS &optional SEP)

合并字符串 (string-join '("a" "b" "c") "-")

(string-reverse STRING)

反转字符串 (string-reverse "abc")

(string-trim STRING)

两头去空白 (string-trim " abc ")

(string-trim-left STRING)

去除左侧空白 (string-trim-left " abc ")

(string-trim-right STRING)

去除右侧空白 (string-trim-right " abc ")

(string-remove-prefix PREFIX STRING)

去除头部 (string-remove-prefix "hi" "hifeng")

(string-remove-suffix SUFFIX STRING)

去除尾部 (string-remove-suffix "wf" "fengwf")

属性：

(buffer-name &optional BUFFER)

获取 buffer 名字 (buffer-name)

(buffer-file-name &optional BUFFER)

获取 buffer 文件名 (buffer-file-name)

(buffer-string)

获取 buffer 全部内容 (buffer-string)

(buffer-size)

buffer 字符数

(buffer-hash)

buffer hash 值 (buffer-hash)

(bufferp)

是否是 buffer (list (bufferp "*scratch*") (bufferp (get-buffer "*scratch*")))

(buffer-modified-p)

buffer 是否被修改过 (buffer-modified-p)

(buffer-narrowed-p)

buffer 是否被局部显示

(buffer-list)

buffer 列表 (length (buffer-list))

操作：

(with-current-buffer BUFFER-OR-NAME &rest BODY)

设置要操作的 buffer (with-current-buffer (current-buffer) (insert "ABC"))

(set-buffer BUFFER-OR-NAME)

设置要操作的 buffer (with-current-buffer (current-buffer) (set-buffer "*Messages*"))

(with-temp-buffer &rest BODY)

创建临时 buffer (with-temp-buffer (insert "ABC") (message (buffer-string)))

(generate-new-buffer NAME)

创建带名称的 buffer (generate-new-buffer "*feng*")

(get-buffer BUFFER-OR-NAME)

获取已有 buffer (get-buffer "*scratch*")

(get-buffer-create BUFFER-OR-NAME)

获取已有或创建 buffer (setq buffer (get-buffer-create "*feng*"))

(kill-buffer &optional BUFFER-OR-NAME)

关闭当前或指定 buffer (kill-buffer "*feng*")

(buffer-live-p BUFFER)

buffer 是否已被关闭 (buffer-live-p (get-buffer-create "*feng*"))

Demo 示例：

• (buffer-substring-no-properties (region-beginning) (region-end)) 选区文本
  
• (buffer-substring-no-properties (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position)) 当前行文本
  
• (thing-at-point ’filename) 光标下文件名
  
• (mapcar #’thing-at-point ’(symbol list sexp defun filename url email uuid word sentence whitespace line number page)) 光标下各种元素
  

打开、新建、保存文件：

(find-file FILENAME)

打开或新建文件 (find-file "~/test.txt")

(save-buffer)

保存文件 (save-buffer)

(write-region START END FILENAME)

保存部分区域到文件 (write-region (point-min) (point-max) "~/test.txt")

(write-file FILENAME)

另存为 (write-file "~/test2.txt")

(append-to-file START END FILENAME)

追加文件 (append-to-file 100 200 "~/test.txt")

文件操作：

(rename-file FILENAME NEW-FILENAME)

文件改名 (rename-file "~/test.txt" "~/test2.txt")

(copy-file FILENAME NEW-FILENAME)

复制文件 (copy-file "~/test2.txt" "~/test.txt")

(delete-file FILENAME)

删除文件 (delete-file "~/test.txt")

(set-file-modes)

设置文件属性 (set-file-modes "~/test.txt" #o755)

(file-modes FILENAME)

读取文件属性 (file-modes "~/test.txt")

(file-exists-p FILENAME)

文件是否存在 (file-exists-p "~/test.txt")

(file-readable-p FILENAME)

文件是否可读

(file-writable-p FILENAME)

文件是否可写

(file-executable-p FILENAME)

文件是否可运行

目录操作：

(directory-files DIR &optional FULL MATCH)

获取目录文件列表，可筛选 (directory-files "~/" t "\.txt")

(make-directory DIR)

创建目录 (make-directory "~/xxx")

(delete-directory DIR &optional RECURSIVE TRASH)

删除空目录，可选递归删除、进垃圾桶 (delete-directory "~/xxx")

(copy-directory DIR NEW-NAME)

拷贝目录 (copy-directory "~/xxx" "~/yyy")

路径：

(file-name-directory FILENAME)

获取目录路径 (file-name-directory "~/xxx")

(file-name-nondirectory FILENAME)

获取文件名 (file-name-nondirectory "~/xxx")

(file-name-extension FILENAME)

获取后缀名 (file-name-extension "~/test.txt")

(file-name-sans-extension FILENAME)

获取不含后缀名的路径 (file-name-sans-extension "~/test.txt")

(file-relative-name FILENAME &optional DIR)

获取相对当前路径的路径 (file-relative-name "~/test.txt")

(expand-file-name NAME &optional DIR)

基于路径展开文件路径 (expand-file-name "test.txt")

default-directory

变量，当前路径 (print default-directory)

(read-file-name PROMPT)

让用户输入文件 (read-file-name "输入文件地址： ")

(read-directory-name PROMPT)

让用户输入目录 (read-directory-name "输入文件夹： ")

(read-string PROMPT)

让用户输入文本 (read-string "输入名称：")

(read-regexp PROMPT)

让用户输入正则 (read-regexp "输入正则：")

(read-number PROMPT)

让用户输入数字 (read-number "输入数字：")

(ido-completing-read PROMPT LIST)

让用户选择一项 (ido-completing-read "选择：" '("A" "B" "C"))

(y-or-n-p PROMPT)

让用户确认是/否 (y-or-n-p "请确认?")